Addison’s disease, also known as hypoadrenocorticism, is a serious but manageable condition that affects a dog’s adrenal glands. These glands produce essential hormones, including cortisol and aldosterone, which regulate stress response, metabolism, and electrolyte balance. Without proper hormone production, dogs can become dangerously ill.
At Atlas Animal Hospital, we help pet owners recognize early signs, understand causes, and manage Addison’s disease effectively to maintain a dog’s quality of life.
What Causes Addison’s Disease?
Addison’s disease occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate hormones. Causes include:
- Immune-mediated destruction: The dog’s immune system attacks the adrenal glands
- Congenital defects: Rarely, dogs are born with underdeveloped adrenal glands
- Sudden withdrawal of steroid medication: Can trigger adrenal insufficiency in dogs previously treated with corticosteroids
Certain breeds, such as Standard Poodles, West Highland White Terriers, and Bearded Collies, may be genetically predisposed to Addison’s disease. Dogs of any age can develop it, though it often appears in middle-aged adults.
Common Symptoms
Addison’s disease is sometimes called “the great imitator” because its early signs mimic other conditions. Symptoms may include:
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Lethargy and weakness
- Decreased appetite or weight loss
- Shaking or trembling
- Excessive thirst and urination
- Collapse or sudden weakness during stress (known as an Addisonian crisis)
Symptoms often worsen during stressful situations, making early detection critical.
Addisonian Crisis: A Veterinary Emergency
An Addisonian crisis occurs when hormone levels drop critically low. Signs include:
- Severe vomiting and diarrhea
- Collapse or unresponsiveness
- Low blood pressure
- Electrolyte imbalances
If you suspect an Addisonian crisis, seek immediate veterinary care. Rapid intervention can be lifesaving.
Diagnosis
Your veterinarian will perform a combination of tests to diagnose Addison’s disease:
- Bloodwork: To check electrolytes, kidney function, and hormone levels
- ACTH Stimulation Test: Confirms adrenal insufficiency
- Urinalysis and imaging: Helps rule out other conditions
Early diagnosis allows for safer management and reduces the risk of severe episodes.
Treatment Options
Addison’s disease is managed with lifelong treatment:
Hormone Replacement
- Corticosteroids to replace cortisol
- Mineralocorticoids to balance electrolytes and support blood pressure
Monitoring and Adjustments
- Regular blood tests to monitor electrolytes and hormone levels
- Adjustments in medication dosage during stress, illness, or surgery
Lifestyle Considerations
- Minimize stressors when possible
- Ensure access to fresh water and balanced nutrition
- Maintain regular veterinary checkups for early detection of complications
With proper management, dogs with Addison’s disease can live happy, active lives.
Partnering With Your Veterinarian
If your dog shows symptoms like vomiting, weakness, or unusual lethargy, contact Atlas Animal Hospital. Early evaluation and consistent management are key to preventing crises and ensuring long-term health.
Call (604) 301-0300 to schedule an appointment and receive personalized care for your dog’s adrenal health.