Maine Coon cats are known for their size, gentle personalities, and affectionate nature. They are often described as resilient and sturdy, which is why heart disease can come as a shock to many owners. At Atlas Animal Hospital, we regularly speak with Maine Coon families who are surprised to learn that this beloved breed has a higher risk of developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, commonly called HCM.
HCM can be silent for years. The goal of screening is not to create fear but to detect changes early, when monitoring and management can truly make a difference.
What Is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy In Cats
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick. As the walls of the heart thicken, the heart has a harder time filling and pumping blood effectively.
In cats, HCM is the most common form of heart disease. In Maine Coons, it is often inherited. Some cats develop mild disease that progresses slowly, while others may experience rapid changes without obvious warning signs.
The challenge with HCM is that many affected cats appear completely normal until the disease is advanced.
Why Maine Coon Cats Are At Higher Risk
Maine Coons have a known genetic predisposition to HCM. A specific gene mutation associated with the disease has been identified in the breed, though not all affected cats carry the mutation, and not all cats with the mutation develop severe disease.
This means even well bred, healthy appearing Maine Coons can develop HCM. The large size of the breed can also make subtle symptoms easier to overlook, as mild changes in stamina or breathing may not seem concerning at first.
Subtle Signs Owners May Miss
Early HCM often produces no visible symptoms. When signs do appear, they are usually subtle and easy to attribute to normal behavior or aging.
Signs That Should Prompt A Veterinary Visit
Decreased activity or reluctance to play
Periods of rapid or labored breathing at rest
Sudden hiding or reduced interaction
Fainting or weakness
Sudden hind limb paralysis caused by blood clots
Sudden collapse or hind limb paralysis is an emergency and requires immediate care.
How Screening Helps Catch HCM Early
Screening allows veterinarians to detect heart changes before a cat becomes outwardly ill. Early detection does not necessarily mean immediate treatment, but it allows for close monitoring and timely intervention if the disease progresses.
Listening To The Heart
A thorough physical exam is the first step. Heart murmurs, abnormal rhythms, or changes in lung sounds can sometimes be detected during routine wellness visits. However, many cats with HCM have normal sounding hearts, which is why further screening is often recommended for Maine Coons.
Echocardiogram The Gold Standard Test
An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart. It allows a veterinary cardiologist to measure the thickness of the heart muscle, evaluate heart function, and identify early structural changes.
This test can detect HCM even when a cat shows no symptoms. For Maine Coon cats, especially those with a family history of heart disease, echocardiograms are the most reliable screening tool available.
Genetic Testing What It Can And Cannot Tell You
Genetic testing can identify one known mutation associated with HCM in Maine Coons. A positive result means a higher risk, not a guarantee of disease. A negative result does not rule HCM out completely, as not all cases are linked to this mutation.
Genetic testing is best used alongside regular physical exams and imaging rather than as a standalone screening method.
When Screening Should Begin
Many breeders begin screening early, but pet owners often wonder when it is appropriate to start. For Maine Coons with no symptoms, initial screening is often recommended in young adulthood, followed by repeat evaluations as the cat ages.
Cats with a family history of HCM or subtle clinical changes may benefit from earlier or more frequent screening. Your veterinarian can help tailor a plan based on individual risk factors.
Living With A Cat Diagnosed With HCM
A diagnosis of HCM does not mean a poor quality of life. Many cats with early or mild disease live comfortably for years with monitoring and appropriate care.
Management may include lifestyle adjustments, medications to support heart function, and regular follow up imaging. Stress reduction and maintaining a healthy body weight are also important components of long term care.
Why Routine Wellness Exams Matter
Because HCM can be silent, routine wellness exams play a crucial role in early detection. Subtle changes noticed during an exam may be the first clue that further evaluation is needed.
At Atlas Animal Hospital, we focus on proactive care for breeds with known health risks. If you have a Maine Coon or are considering adding one to your family, screening discussions are an important part of preventive care. To book an appointment or discuss heart screening options, call (604) 301-0300.